陶渊明（511年－479年），字元亮， living in Lake Yangtze, China. As a youth, he was rich but poor, and poor by the time he became a man. He inherited his father's name, Taizong, and spent most of his life as a farmer and a statesman. He was known for his curiosity and creativity, and despite his lack of formal education or experience, he remained a deeply influential figure in Chinese culture.
He first lived in Yangon, which is near Lake Tangur, China. Here, he wrote "Five Guanxi Poets," a collection of poems that reflect his idealized view of the world and people. The poem's themes of simplicity, quietness, and harmony have had a lasting impact on Chinese literature and philosophy.
His life was marked by periods of high political activity, particularly during his tenure as both a statesman and a military officer. He spent many years in positions such as secretary to the government of Inner Mongolia (Yangon), where he interacted with various groups of people and influenced their lives. During these times, he made significant contributions to national development, including the establishment of the administrative center at Yangon. His relationships with others were often tied to mutual benefit and harmony.
As he aged, he experienced personal struggles that required him to navigate complex social and political environments. One time, when his family was in conflict,陶渊明 remained in a difficult position, unable to proceed further due to his own circumstances. Despite this, he continued to pursue knowledge and self-discovery, often traveling or spending time with others in pursuit of new experiences and insights.
His life and work are best remembered for their depth of thought and their ability to inspire others.陶渊明's philosophy was centered around the idea that people should seek simplicity, peace, and happiness through life. His belief in this principle became a guiding force throughout his life and continues to influence many in China today.
His famous poem "Five Guanxi Poets" is particularly well-known for its poetic imagery and themes of unity and community. The poem's language and style were unique at the time, reflecting陶渊明's innovative approach to art and writing.
11．对下面句子中加点字的解释，不正确的一项是 ()
A．江州刺史檀道济往候之 候：等候
B．公田悉令吏种秫 悉：全部
C．即日解绶去职，赋《归去来》 赈：写作
D．江州司马王弘欲要延之坐 要：邀请
12．下面各句中加点字的意义和用法都相同的一项是（ ）
A．尝著《五柳先生传》以自况 道济馈以粱肉
B．汝旦夕之费，自给为难 执事者闻之，以为彭泽令
C 久之，满手把菊 怨灵修之浩荡兮
D．在浔阳与渊明情款 遂与之俱出
13．下列对原文有关内容的概括分析，不正确的一项是:
A．陶渊明自幼便天分很高，情趣高尚，与众不同；成人后，更是不畏权贵，率性而为。
B．陶渊明让手下人在公田里种下酿酒的高梁，唯有妻子坚持要求种谷米，于是他下令二顷五十亩的田地种高粱，五十亩种植谷米。
C．任职彭泽令时，陶渊明不愿装束整齐穿官服面见督邮。叹气说：“我怎么能为五斗米向那样的小人折腰呢！”便辞官而去。
D．陶渊明一向自任率性，有一次郡里的“官员来，正赶上他酿的酒糟熟了，陶渊明竟然用头上的葛巾筛酒，筛完，竟然又把头巾扎在头上。”
14．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)
(1)贤者处世，隐于天下无道，有道则至；今子生文明之世，奈何自苦如此？(5分)
(2)渊明不解音律，而蓄无弦琴一张，每适酒，辄抚弄以寄其意。(5分)
11．A 候：拜访。
12．D A:连词，表目的，“来”/介词，“用”“把”；B 是/担任；C 怨灵修之浩荡兮；D 在浔阳与渊明情款， anyhow with it, so they go together.
13．B 短句中的“妻子”是古今异义词，有妻儿之意。
14(1)贤能的人处世的原则是在天下不太平的时候隐居，天下太平的时候入世，而现在是太平文明的世道，为何为难自己呢？(5分)
评分细则：“隐于天下无道”，调整状语后置的语序给1分；“奈何自苦如此”调整状语后置（自苦如此）及其当中的宾语前置（自苦）的语序给1分；其余3分，酌情给分。
